Are you a retired baby boomer who finds millennials' constant complaining extremely irritating? Or maybe you're a driven member of Generation X who just doesn't get it? stay-at-home Gen Z The reality is that many of us hold opinions about the other generations and their alleged flaws, often thinking that the era we were born into was the most formative for our character.
During the 1980s, two American writers, William Strauss and Neil Howe, introduced a generational theory aimed at categorizing individuals who experienced particular eras in history. This theory posits that approximately every twenty-one years, a fresh generation emerges, influenced by shifts in politics, economics, society, and technology.
Hence, Baby Boomers' characteristics were molded by significant societal shifts following the Second World War, whereas Generation X was influenced by figures like Margaret Thatcher and events such as the Big Bang deregulation. In parallel, Millennials developed during an era characterized by rapid technological advancement through the Internet alongside economic challenges from phenomena like the Credit Crunch, while Gen Z has come of age amidst these ongoing transformations. The pivotal point in their existence has been the pandemic. .
In recent times, conflicts between different age groups have surged to new heights due to the proliferation of memes and short videos on platforms like TikTok and Instagram. However, just how accurate are the generalizations we make about each generation? How do individuals perceive what molded the core beliefs of their own generational cohort, and importantly, to what extent do they embrace or reject critiques from older and younger generations?
We journeyed across every corner of Britain to understand how different age groups perceive one another, only to discover that their sentiments toward other generations are far more intricate, multifaceted, and paradoxical than initially imagined.
Meet the baby boomers
Characterized as individuals who were born between 1946 and 1964, The baby boomer generation consists of individuals born after World War II. Who reached adulthood during a transformative period for Britain. Various revolutions reshaped the world for young baby boomers – opportunities for women in employment and education were more extensive than ever before, the introduction of the contraceptive pill altered societal norms around sexuality, and the intensifying space race spurred technological advancements throughout their formative years.
Jane Barker, aged 65, who works as an educator for a wildlife charity in Lancashire, and Justin James, 75, a former heating engineer and company director from Wiltshire, share their thoughts on what it signifies to be part of the baby-boomer generation.
What is the definition of being a baby boomer?
I became the first woman in my family to attend college, marking a significant shift from the conventional domestic lifestyle my mother embraced. It never crossed my mind that I'd lead such a different path. Back then, I identified as part of the punk scene—not an extreme member but still connected enough to feel inspired by its ethos. The message was clear: You could pursue anything your heart desired if you were bold enough. What barriers remained after that? Maybe this mindset has shaped our cohort into assertive individuals accustomed to achieving our goals.
The Baby Boomers were driven. They aimed to improve themselves and were ready to invest the necessary effort. We put in very lengthy work hours. , yet we anticipated being able to attain a comfortable lifestyle through our efforts. However, this social agreement has evolved over time. Additionally, there is an aspect of prejudice. People show less acceptance towards those who differ from them. – JB
The golden age was the most wonderful time for us. Back then, without smartphones or televisions, we created our own fun. Our friendships were also stronger during that period. Today, everything revolves around status and possessions—matters that weren’t important before. Some of my acquaintances enjoyed substantial incomes, yet they remained close despite my lack of wealth at the time. Individuals seemed readier to form bonds across different social classes and political affiliations back then.
The constant disagreement between me and my kids revolves around their belief that I never stress over anything, even though they're often worried. In my era, we didn’t approach problems that way; if disaster struck, freaking out wouldn’t help—it’s better to focus on fixing things instead. We were more resilient Today, you really need to watch your words carefully. JJ
On Gen X
I don't believe Generation X is significantly different from us. They are also quite resourceful and hardworking, likely due to their pre-digital upbringing similar to Baby Boomers. JB
I concur. They likely didn't start getting color TVs until the late 1970s, and mobile phones or the internet weren't around yet. Things really began to deteriorate starting from the 1990s. JJ
On millennials
This is the generation where the the work ethic begins to diminish . I suspect millennials feel that it’s not the case that hard work leads to rewards. You can’t build resilience unless you’re allowed to fail. We created a generation of young people who struggle because they’ve never had to confront things. It’s awful to say “you might have to just cope with that”, but sometimes that’s how you learn. – JB
They found themselves in a difficult situation. Their lives have become tougher, and it isn’t their doing. It seems they've been misled by authorities promising them access to higher education followed by lucrative careers. Everyone aims for the pinnacle of success: becoming lawyers, doctors, or even Hollywood stars. The millennials seem like an extremely disillusioned group. JJ
On Gen Z
I deeply sympathize with Generation Z as they seem destined for perpetual unhappiness. They carry very high hopes and crave significant affirmation. The world they inhabit is harsh, and the relentless oversight they encounter adds to their difficulties. JB
All they notice is what’s right in front of their eyes. Since they believe everything can be found online, they have no interest in learning independently. When faced with challenges, they tend to pout rather than attempt to overcome them. Trying isn’t even considered an option for them. JJ
Meet Generation X
Members of Generation X, born between 1965 and 1980, reached maturity when times were prosperous and optimistic. During this era, businesses thrived, and with Gen X transitioning into adulthood, innovations like mobile phones and email began spreading widely. The UK also experienced an epoch marked by strong economic performance and significant cultural influence.
Annabel Eyres, a 60-year-old ex-Olympian and wellness business owner from Hampshire, along with Martin Sharp, a 49-year-old fitness and lifestyle mentor from York, reflect on what it signifies to belong to Generation X.
What is the significance of being part of Generation X?
We came of age during a time of British optimism. The political scene was captivating, there was a spirit of enjoyment everywhere, and the music was fantastic. Fleetwood Mac Genesis, Supertramp, ABBA, Soft Cell – amazing.
Our parents were strict yet restrained individuals, and some of those traits carried over into Generation X. We tend to shy away from self-promotion. The tendency for baby boomers, millennials, and Gen Z to boast about their accomplishments goes against the grain for us in Gen X. Our upbringing emphasized the importance of not loudly proclaiming our successes. The more humble we remained, the prouder it made others feel.
Since our parents were part of the generation born during wartime, they placed great importance on uniting and collaborating to face what we saw as a common challenge. Despite Margaret Thatcher stating "There's no such thing as society," I believe this sentiment doesn't apply to Generation X.
We were aware that the boogeyman was lurking nearby, yet it did not deter us from acting. The threats back then seemed remote and intangible. Today, however, they are right in our pockets, on computers, and on television screens—nowhere to hide. Despite having grown up under the shadow of nuclear warfare, it all felt too monumental to be concerned about. AE
During our childhood, we experienced the space race alongside a significant shift toward consumer culture, increased education levels, and greater social mobility. While we were raised with traditional values and methods from the past, by the time I reached high school, numerous thrilling technological advancements were taking place.
We remain hopeful. Whenever you talk to members of Generation X, they see the glass as half full. They believe there’s always an opportunity available. there's always something that needs doing Instead of fretting over issues, we simply move forward and do the best we can with what we have. This released us from the anxieties of the post-war period, instilling an optimistic outlook in our generation. MS
On boomers
They tend to be very reserved. They keep their feelings under wraps and aren't preoccupied with mental well-being; despite having problems, they generally don't discuss them much. AE
You were set for life with your job, and you had an incredible pension, You got your house for a steal. And it had been fully settled by the time you stopped working. Each era has seen choices being made that I would not have made. The destruction of the coal sector devastated towns near where I hail from in Leeds, an impact that remains tangible even now. MS
On millennials
Diligent, yet possibly in a conventional manner. They seek an employer and a corporate position, something with a clear trajectory. In general, millennials do not tend to be big risk-takers. They may not aspire to be Sloane Rangers Like we did in my generation, but they are still fond of parties, love having a drink, and know how to unwind.
The idea that all millennials are socially aware is overblown. During my upbringing, we saw extremely harsh homophobic attitudes, which have since transformed significantly. AE
Millennials often face criticism. They're viewed as receiving everything easily, yet they've progressed much quicker than previous generations like ours to reach the same level that Generation X attained. MS
On Gen Z
They're entrepreneurs who get thrilled by innovative approaches. Their smartphones never leave their hands. This characteristic leaves a bigger mark on their generation compared to others. It’s closely linked to the increase in ADHD cases This trend is impacting every age group. There will likely be more revelations regarding how smartphones affect our minds. They aren’t a hardy cohort, yet this isn’t their doing. AE
Many people fail to recognize the pressures faced by Generation Z. In the past, students went to school mainly to socialize and enjoy themselves, but today’s children are focused solely on their studies; they hardly get to have fun at all. MS
Meet the millennials
Sometimes known as the “digital native” generation Millennials were born from 1981 to 1996. They experienced significant technological shifts during their formative years with widespread use of the Internet followed by the rise of social media. This period also saw globalization making the world much more interconnected compared to previous generations; however, this newfound accessibility was overshadowed by geopolitical tensions such as the ongoing war on terrorism globally and the subsequent financial crisis that altered economic prospects significantly when contrasted with the relatively hopeful outlook held by Generation X.
Frankie O'Dowd, aged 44, a fashion retail technologist hailing from Northamptonshire, along with Joel Smith, a 29-year-old business development consultant based in Manchester, share their thoughts on what it signifies to be part of the millennial generation.
What is the definition of being part of Generation Y?
We transitioned from experiencing a childhood similar to what a Victorian era person might recognize to encountering something entirely unprecedented—all within just a few short years, we acquired computers, Tamagotchis, mobile phones, and eventually smartphones with internet access.
Our era recognized that the past was not necessarily superior, and wondered "couldn't we discover a fresh approach?" Thanks to the internet, we could explore farther and obtain information at a faster pace.
The 2008 financial crisis reinforced this stance. In the former system: secure employment with a firm, earn income, purchase property—it was becoming unattainable. Thus, why adhere to outdated conventions? Instead, shouldn’t we pursue lifestyles that enhance our well-being? Generation Y has adopted a better integration between their professional life and personal time. Our identity extends beyond our work. – FO
Our cohort marked the initial time in human existence where adolescence unfolded in cyberspace. Our social interactions took place before an online crowd. Companions residing continents away held similar significance to those encountered daily, prompting us to broadcast our experiences broadly.
Since people frequently share the best parts of their lives on social media, we keep comparing ourselves to one another. This not only makes you feel like you are spending too much money When it comes to these matters, you're constantly bombarded with messages like "purchase more, immerse yourself in consumer culture, hire a personal trainer, take luxurious vacations." If you fail to do so, you might feel inadequate. This pressure can be quite challenging.
Generation Y tends to have a negative outlook. Throughout our adulthood, every governmental budget has focused on cutbacks, financial restraint, increasing costs, lower wages, and higher taxes. This makes us realize that success isn't guaranteed, regardless of how hard we strive for it. JS
On boomers
Baby Boomers were akin to Millennials as both generations aimed for a contemporary and enjoyable lifestyle, seeking progress beyond the impact of war. They strived not to revert to the dull era of the 1950s. Occasionally, I believe the genuine source of tension between these two generational groups stems from some frustration over our failure to acknowledge just how transformative their lives truly were. FO
Baby boomers are gullible; they accept information uncritically. Perhaps this stems from their formative years during times of conflict. Their sense of nationalism likely arises because their perception of Britain includes a strong national identity. On the other hand, millennials often view Britain primarily through the lens of governmental operations. This difference makes it hard for us to relate to their feelings about nationhood. JS
On Gen X
When reflecting on all the rights I have—such as fair compensation, protection from discrimination, and respect for my gender in professional settings—I realize these were victories achieved by Generation X. They laced up their Doc Martens and set forth to build the world we now benefit from.
You cannot micromanage Generation X since they had a higher degree of freedom during their childhood compared to what we observe today. This early independence prepared them effectively for adult life. FO
They embraced greater freedom of thought compared to baby boomers. Generation X witnessed significantly more societal reforms such as advancements in women’s rights and increased participation in Pride marches; they were the ones shaping contemporary norms within society. JS
On Gen Z
I have great empathy for them; they've lived with social media Throughout their entire lives, every mistake they've made has been public. They're also highly informed due to the abundance of accessible knowledge, contributing significantly to their well-being. In comparison, they tend to be more cautious. It’s not like we have anything against Generation Z, but Millennials did enjoy themselves a little more back in the day. FO
They truly represent an open-minded and inclusive cohort. During my teenage years, revealing one's homosexuality could be extremely daunting, yet members of Generation Z find this unremarkable. They possess great social consciousness—they understand people's needs and know exactly what is considerate versus offensive speech. - JS
Meet the Gen Zs
Generation Z (individuals born from 1997 to 2010) came of age during a time when digital connectivity via the internet and social platforms had become ubiquitous. However, the most significant influence on their formative years was undoubtedly the worldwide outbreak of COVID-19 and subsequent lockdown measures, which dramatically altered education systems, higher learning journeys, and nascent professional lives.
George Wakely, aged 26, who works as a public relations consultant in Scarborough, along with Alice Maxwell-Hyslop, a 19-year-old studying social anthropology in Edinburgh, explore what it signifies to belong to Generation Z.
What is the significance of being part of Generation Z?
A significant portion of our formative years was dedicated exclusively to screen time, encompassing both our university education and our initial forays into professional life. Fortunately, we're highly adept with technology since we've always known a world where it exists. This has become our standard way of living.
Our generation pays less attention to work compared to those before us, likely due to our understanding that work won't benefit us as significantly; after all, who could afford homes with just these salaries? We prioritize adaptability and achieving a healthy equilibrium between professional life and personal time. This aligns with how Generation Z is often perceived as valuing well-being. Whereas earlier times saw colleagues heading out for post-work cocktails, I would rather spend that time reading.
Gen Z is occasionally referred to as the " anxious generation And this strikes a chord with many people. Social media sets high expectations for how our lives should appear. An ideal existence isn't merely an abstract concept—it's embodied by individuals we see online. This can be challenging to measure up to. GW
There's increased activism, which stems from growing up online and being aware of global issues. Many individuals my age aspire to pursue careers that allow them to make a positive impact, even if it doesn’t come with high pay. Their goals include combating climate change or eradicating poverty.
We tend to lean towards being more open-minded. We value genuineness, emphasizing individual character rather than factors like skin color, gender identity, or sexual orientation. Having grown up online where individuals have the freedom to express themselves however they choose, we admire those who remain true to themselves.
We've distanced ourselves from certain intense elements of millennial culture. I'm quite anti-cancel culture For example, nowadays, the primary cancelers tend to be 50-year-old men condemning certain 18-year-old celebrities as evil, or unidentified individuals using usernames such as 'user2596.' This situation is cringeworthy and has undoubtedly escalated beyond what is appropriate.
Socializing has become more challenging for us. Returning to the actual world post-lockdown, you realize how swiftly you can lose your conversational skills; you might struggle with knowing what to say to others and tend to overanalyze interactions. The longer we remain engaged online, the clearer this will become. AMH
On boomers
Whether someone agrees can depend on gender. Boomer women were truly trailblazers. Today, women enjoy greater freedom in choosing how they want to lead their lives, which is largely due to the efforts of these pioneering boomers who fought for those rights. On the other hand, boomer men generally had clear goals and expectations; nothing more, nothing less. However, many baby-boom males today seem frustrated with where they find themselves fitting into contemporary society. GW
That generation is entirely contrasting with ours. My grandparents might have expressed racism or homophobia because they were brought up during times when society taught them that those who differed from them were seen as monstrous or abnormal.
Baby Boomers tend to be highly focused on their careers. Currently, I am pursuing studies in social anthropology at university. Whenever I share this information with individuals from previous generations, particularly those around my grandparents' age, they often inquire: "What kind of job will that prepare you for?" In today’s world, occupations have become more conceptual, offering numerous sectors to explore professionally. Generation Z views employment as an opportunity to develop versatile skill sets, contrasting with Baby Boomers who typically leaned towards specialized professions. AMH
On Gen X
They come across as highly professional and focused. There’s a common perception regarding Generation X, and perhaps some of the younger Baby Boomers, suggesting that they tend to be the “Karen” generation My mother is named Karen, and despite her dislike for it, people often find this name synonymous with someone who can be rather assertive. These individuals tend to voice complaints and behave as though they have special privileges, getting easily upset over minor matters. GW
They notice a difference between their own experiences and how we've matured using technology. They're doubtful when it comes to social media and constantly express their concerns. thinkpieces about the dangers My mom gets anxious about my digital trail: "What if your future boss comes across that?" However, I doubt sharing goofy TikToks would put off potential employers since so many people do it nowadays. My parents' generation seems fixated on maintaining a professional image, even outside of work. AMH
On millennials
The millennial generation blazed a trail for Generation Z to enjoy themselves. They improved society significantly. They made sexual freedom more acceptable: what was once considered taboo has become as commonplace as going bowling.
Sometimes millennials go overboard with political correctness They take offense easily over trivial matters. For instance, consider pronoun usage: one individual might be irritated by how another uses pronouns, while someone else feels upset when their preferred pronouns are not acknowledged, and some become frustrated simply because they find the whole situation confusing. Generation Z tends to roll their eyes and move forward without much concern. GW
These folks can often come across as cringe-worthy online. They maintain Facebook profiles where they frequently share selfies taken against scenic backdrops. Pretty lame, right? From what I gather among my peers from Generation Z, nobody uses Facebook or shares photos of themselves posing at iconic locations like the Eiffel Tower anymore. While millennials might find new tech trends somewhat thrilling, our generation tends to see these things as outdated.
A portion of these individuals grew up during the Gen Z era, encountering technology primarily as teenagers who were highly self-conscious about peer perception. Conversely, those from earlier generations within the millennial cohort encountered social media platforms in their mid-20s when such concerns had diminished somewhat, making them more resilient against the pressures of constant online performance. AMH
Recommended
Texting with one finger—and 19 other habits that show you’re a boomer
Read more
Subscribe to the Front Page newsletter at no cost: Your key resource for today’s schedule from The Telegraph — delivered right to your mailbox every single day of the week.