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Vienna Archaeologists Unearth Mass Grave of Ancient Warriors from Roman Era Battle

Unknown ancient rome, archaeology, military, military history and wars, warfare

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 VIENNA (AP) — While excavation work was underway last October to refurbish a soccer field in Vienna, workers stumbled upon something extraordinary: a mass grave containing intermingled skeletons from the 1st century Roman Empire. The remains are believed to be those of combatants who were part of battles involving Germanic tribes.


 On Wednesday, following an archaeological assessment, specialists from the Vienna Museum conducted their initial public display of the burial site, which they associated with "a significant military occurrence" and presented as proof of the earliest documented combat in that area.


 One hundred twenty-nine individuals' remains have been verified at the location within the Vienna area of Simmering. Excavation crews additionally discovered numerous displaced bones and suspect that the overall victim count exceeds 150—a finding unprecedented in Central Europe.

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 Regarding Roman military conflicts, there are no similar discoveries involving combatants," explained Michaela Binder, who headed the excavation project. "Large battlegrounds have been uncovered in Germany with numerous weapons. However, discovering remains of deceased soldiers is unparalleled throughout all documented periods of Roman history.

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 Roman soldiers usually underwent cremation until the 200s AD.


 The burial site where the remains were placed indicates a hurried or chaotic disposal of bodies. Each skeletal specimen inspected exhibited evidence of trauma—especially to the skull, trunk, and pelvic regions.

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 They exhibit numerous distinct battle injuries, making an execution unlikely. This place clearly resembles a battleground," stated Kristina Adler-Wölfl, who leads the Vienna city archaeology division. "These individuals sustained cuts from swords, lances, as well as damage from bludgeoning weapons.

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 All the victims were males. The majority fell within the age range of 20 to 30 years, and they typically exhibited strong dental hygiene.


 The Carbon-14 analysis indicated that the bones were from around 80 to 130 AD. This dating was corroborated with historical records of artifacts discovered in the tomb, such as armor, cheekpieces from a helmet, and the specific nails utilized in Roman military sandals called caligae.


 The strongest hint was provided by a corroded dagger of a kind that was used exclusively from the midpoint of the first century through the beginning of the second century.


 Ongoing research has revealed that only one victim has been identified as a Roman soldier. Scientists are hopeful that DNA and strontium isotope analyses may provide more information about these combatants and their allegiances.

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 "The current leading theory suggests that this is linked to Emperor Domitian's Danube campaigns, which took place between 86 and 96 A.D.," Adler-Wölfl stated.


 The city archaeologists stated that this find also indicates the initial indications of the establishment of a settlement that would later grow into the present-day Austrian capital.


 ___


 The Associated Press writer Jamey Keaten from Geneva provided the contribution.

Vienna Archaeologists Unearth Mass Grave of Ancient Warriors from Roman Era Battle

Unknown ancient rome, archaeology, military, military history and wars, warfare

VIENNA (AP) — While excavation work was underway last October to refurbish a soccer field in Vienna, workers stumbled upon something extraordinary: a mass grave containing intermingled skeletons fro…

Sicily's Most Enchanting Ancient Sites: A Must-Visit International Edition

Unknown ancient rome, culture, history, italy, tourist attractions

Consecutively inhabited by the Greeks, Carthaginians, and Romans, Sicily brims with historical riches waiting to be explored. Whether you're marveling at grandiose temples or intricate mosaics unparalleled in their craftsmanship, every site narrates tales from an age where these influential Mediterranean civilizations molded the fate of this island.


 <h2 class="wp-block-heading">
 The Roman Villa del Casale, a marvel of a palace in Piazza Armerina, stands as a testament to ancient splendor.
 </h2>


 
 UNESCO World Heritage Site, the Roman Villa del Casale stands as one of the most well-conserved ancient residences in Europe, renowned for its opulent mosaics. Constructed during the period between the 3rd and 4th centuries, this villa showcases remarkable historical and artistic significance.
 
 rd
 
 and 4
 
 th
 
 By the centuries AD and nearly obliterated by floods around the 12th century.
 
 th
 
 In the century, the villa became engulfed beneath an avalanche of earth for eight hundred years. Nevertheless, this burial within the soil safeguarded its magnificence; excavation work started during the 20th-century.
 
 th
 
 The past century has revealed an exceptionally well-preserved dwelling. Nowadays, one can marvel at approximately 3,500 square meters of this structure.
 
 2
 
 Of mosaics scattered across the lush Sicilian landscape.
 


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 <h2 class="wp-block-heading">
 The Neapolis archaeological park serves as Syracuse's enduring legacy.
 </h2>


 
 In this historically significant part of Syracuse, located on the eastern side of the island, even the stones serve as reminders of the ambitions harbored by the Greeks and Romans in Sicily.
 Greek theatre
 The location, which was intricately carved right into the stone, served as the backdrop for both historical dramas and significant political events long ago. Below this area lies the Roman amphitheater, where the clamor of battles between gladiators can still be heard. Then there’s the Orecchio di Dionisio—an artificially created cave shaped like an ear—that dates back to when the Greek ruler Dionysius the Elder held power; it magnifies noises with remarkable precision. This is definitely a key archaeological spot worth visiting!
 


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 <h2 class="wp-block-heading">
 Segesta: From the Elymi to the Greeks and Romans
 </h2>


 
 Perched above the hills of Trapani, the location of Segesta stands as one of the earliest sites in Sicily, tracing its origins back to the Elymi, one of the island’s three primary pre-Greek civilizations. Despite this ancient history, nothing endures from those times prior to the Greek arrival in the 8th century BC.
 
 th
 
 In the century BC, the location features two additional marvels: a graceful Greek temple and a Roman theater. Nestled within rugged surroundings, the Doric temple appears much as it did originally: unfinished, it captivates with its preserved columns despite lacking a roof. Further uphill stands the theater constructed during the third century.
 
 rd
 
 The viewpoint from century BC provides an overview of the valley, and on a sunny day, you might even spot the sea in the distance.
 


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 <h2 class="wp-block-heading">
 The ancient theater of Taormina, nestled between the sky and the sea.
 </h2>


 
 In Taormina, the ancient theater offers views of the Ionian Sea and the glowing slopes of Mount Etna. Constructed during the 3rd century BC,
 
 rd
 
 By the 3rd century BC, the Greeks established it, and subsequent modifications were made during Roman times; even today, performances continue to take place there. The theater features a semicircular design with rows of seating hewn from the stone, effectively utilizing the inherent acoustic properties of the location. The view is spectacular: as you scan from right to left, you'll see the vine-draped flanks of Mount Etna, the cluster of homes atop the hills of Taormina, and the shimmering cobalt waters of the Mediterranean Sea.
 


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 Agrigento and the Valle dei Templi, "the most beautiful of all earthly cities."
 </h2>


 
 In Agrigento, on
 Sicily's
 On the southern coastline, the Valley of the Temples showcases an array of massive edifices perched atop a rocky hill. This region is dominated by the well-preserved Temple of Concord, known for its intact Doric columns. Around 500 BC, this site served as the location of the ancient Greek city of Akragas, famously referred to by poet Pindar as "the fairest among mortals." Continuing onward, you'll encounter the partly ruined but still imposing Temple of Zeus, one of the grandest buildings constructed during Hellenistic times due to its sheer size—it ranks among the largest Greek temples ever erected.

Sicily's Most Enchanting Ancient Sites: A Must-Visit International Edition

Unknown ancient rome, culture, history, italy, tourist attractions

Consecutively inhabited by the Greeks, Carthaginians, and Romans, Sicily brims with historical riches waiting to be explored. Whether you're marveling at grandiose temples or intricate mosaics unpar…

Discovering Europe's Ancient Rock-Carved City: Oldest in Italy, One of the World’s Earliest

Unknown ancient rome, culture, italy, tourist attractions, travel in italy

Etched right into the stone, the town of Matera stands as one of Italy’s most recognizable attractions. This historic settlement features an extraordinary architectural landscape that showcases some of the region’s finest cultural treasures. Laden with historical significance and age-old customs, it reflects the remnants left behind by various civilizations throughout its long existence.


 
 The "City of the Sassi,"
 <a href="https://www.materawelcome.it/it/" rel="noreferrer noopener nofollow">
 Matera
 </a>
 Matera stands as the longest continuously inhabited town in Italy. Nestled in the center of the Basilicata area within southern Italy, this city attracts visitors with its remarkable rock-cut architecture and significant influence on Italian culture at large. Among its earliest relics are those from the Stone Age, which position it among the oldest known human settlements globally.
 


 
 
 Are you interested in visiting Italy? Here are
 
 
 some
 
 
 pieces to assist you with your planning
 
 
 out your trip
 
 
 :
 
 


 <ul>
 
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 <a href="https://www.en-vols.com/en/getaways/travel/aeolian-islands-italy/" rel="noreferrer noopener">
 The Aeolian Islands: 7 hidden gems offshore Sicily worthy of exploration
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 <a href="https://www.en-vols.com/en/styles-en/architecture-en/italy-venice-architecture-masterpiece/" rel="noreferrer noopener">
 One of Italy's most stunning architectural wonders and a emblem of the Italian Renaissance.
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 <a href="https://www.en-vols.com/en/getaways/travel/dolomites-most-beautiful-road/" rel="noreferrer noopener">
 This route in the Dolomites will lead you through stunning vistas.
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 The 15 Most Stunning Beaches in Italy for This Summer's Enjoyment
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 </ul>


 <h2 class="wp-block-heading">
 The
 
 heart
 
 of humanity
 </h2>


 
 The presence of ancient structures within the city demonstrates that Matera has been inhabited by humans for nearly 12,000 years. Although officially established as Matheola by a Roman official in 251 BC, the town has provided refuge to various groups throughout history up until the 15th century.
 
 th
 
 Throughout the centuries, various groups such as the Lombards, Byzantines, Arabs, and Ottomans inhabited the city. Each group introduced their distinct cultures and lifestyles, leaving behind enduring impacts that outlasted themselves.
 


 
 In 1514, Matera began playing a significant part in history. Owing to its distance from principal Italian urban centers, the nobility abandoned the area, leaving the residents to fend for themselves amidst severe economic hardship. Consequently, they were compelled to organize collectively to survive this challenging era. Thus, the community relied on their age-old traditions and systems.
 <a href="https://www.en-vols.com/en/getaways/travel/petra-new-wonder-jordan-desert/" rel="noreferrer noopener">
 troglodyte
 </a>
 The residences underwent redevelopment, and new caves called
 Sassi
 were constructed directly on the mountainside. For over four hundred years, the
 Sassi
 Matera emerged as the emblem of a disadvantaged region, juxtaposed against a thriving Italy.
 


 <h2 class="wp-block-heading">
 
 A mix of
 
 modernity and ancient charm
 </h2>


 
 Introduced in 1950 by the Italian government, the Matera urban renewal initiative has revitalized the city. The primary aim was to rejuvenate the area while maintaining its distinctive charm and beauty. Upon arriving in Matera, one immediately notices its distinct ambiance. Winding pedestrian-only lanes showcase an array of architectural styles among the homes. Standing atop the ramparts offers stunning vistas of Italy’s rural landscape—a harmonious blend of expansive verdant fields and dramatic mountain ranges.
 


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 Matera is increasingly engaging with the global community through its profound historical heritage. In 1993, the city’s
 Sassi
 and rock churches were designated as
 <a href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/670/" rel="noreferrer noopener">
 UNESCO
 </a>
 The location has been named a World Heritage Site, and in 2019, this historic city will receive the title of "European Capital of Culture," solidifying its position on the global scene. The appeal for tourists visiting Matera stems from its charmingly rustic ambiance and uniquely preserved cultural heritage.
 


 <h2 class="wp-block-heading">
 Locations to visit in Matera
 </h2>


 <h3 class="wp-block-heading">
 The
 Sassi
 of Matera
 </h3>


 
 The town's primary attraction, the
 Sassi
 In Matera, you'll find structures that are dug into the mountainside, featuring bright white facades and windows. The interiors are equally innovative, with furnishings sculpted directly from the stone and intricate carvings etched onto the walls. Numerous troglodytic homes can be explored for mere pennies. While some remain intact in their authentic condition, others have undergone complete renovations to serve as temporary residences or tiny artisan workshops.
 


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 <h3 class="wp-block-heading">
 The Palombaro Lungo, also known as the cistern of Matera.
 </h3>


 
 Perched atop a limestone hill distant from any flowing stream, Matera has utilized an extensive subterranean system of channels connected to a massive reservoir for collecting rainfall over many years... a site you can explore. Venture deep beneath the city through a network of walkways and passages to uncover the process of treating and redistributing the gathered water to its residents.
 


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 <h3 class="wp-block-heading">
 The Luigi Guerricchio belvedere
 </h3>


 
 Following your exploration of the subterranean tunnels, it's time to make your way up to the rooftops of Matera. Perched atop this vast balcony, you'll have a nearly panoramic perspective of the city center and its numerous limestone dwellings. It serves as an ideal spot to unwind during your adventure and to snap some memorable photographs.
 


 <h3 class="wp-block-heading">
 The
 Duomo Cathedral of Matera
 </h3>


 
 Named
 Madonna della Bruna e di Sant'Eustachio
 This enormous structure ranks among the most stunning in the area. Situated at the pinnacle of the city, the Romanesque cathedral is distinguished by its elaborate decorations and ceilings featuring a mix of carvings and artwork. Towards the rear, visitors can admire a large stone cot alongside intricate mural art, remnants from the site’s ancient medieval design.
 


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 The Matera Cathedral
 
 
 
 Duomo Square, 75100 Matera MT, Italy
 
 
 +39 0835 332908
 


 <h3 class="wp-block-heading">
 The canyon
 </h3>


 
 Beneath the town lies a significant fissure in the ground, making an excellent beginning spot for fantastic hiking trails. A robust suspension bridge allows you to traverse this gap. Beyond the bridge, a trail leads to the area’s most ancient cave dwellings—dating from prehistoric eras. Above the site stands a church constructed completely out of stone, offering panoramic views of Matera when viewed externally.

Discovering Europe's Ancient Rock-Carved City: Oldest in Italy, One of the World’s Earliest

Unknown ancient rome, culture, italy, tourist attractions, travel in italy

Etched right into the stone, the town of Matera stands as one of Italy’s most recognizable attractions. This historic settlement features an extraordinary architectural landscape that showcases some…