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穿越到几十亿年前，一起看看地球和人类是如何诞生的！

DIWIDA.NEWS astronomy, astrophysics, cosmology, science, space exploration

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 宇宙的诞生是一场壮丽的焰火秀，始于一次伟大的爆炸。在宇宙大爆炸模型中，宇宙的婴儿时期是在剧烈的爆炸中开启的。
 
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 这场爆炸不仅释放了难以想象的能量，还在瞬间合成了氢、氦以及少量的锂、铍等元素。这些元素构成了宇宙的原始星云。
 
 
 随着时间的流逝，这些星云在重力的作用下开始坍缩。在宇宙大爆炸后约4亿年，星云坍缩形成了第一代恒星。这些恒星内部进行着核聚变反应，合成了铁及之前的元素。
 
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 而在超新星的爆发中，更是合成了铁之后的元素，并将它们抛洒入太空之中，与原始的星云混合，为后续星球的形成提供了丰富的物质基础。太阳，这个我们赖以生存的星球，就是在这样的星云中诞生的。
 
 
 在宇宙的长河中，太阳系的形成是一段激动人心的篇章。星云坍缩理论为我们揭示了这一过程的奥秘。在星云的核心区域，由于物质密度较高，引力作用使得星云物质不断向中心聚集，最终形成了太阳。而星云外围的其他部分则坍缩成了行星、矮行星、小行星等各种天体。
 
 
 太阳系内的行星根据其位置和性质可以分为不同的类别。内太阳系由岩石行星组成，包括我们熟知的水星、金星、地球和火星。它们因为靠近太阳，温度较高，所以主要由难以蒸发的岩石物质构成。而在距离太阳较远的区域，冻结线以外，则形成了气体巨星和冰巨星，如木星、土星、天王星和海王星。这些巨大的行星主要由气体和冰物质构成，因为它们所在的区域温度较低，这些物质不易蒸发。
 
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 地球的特殊性在于它是太阳系中唯一有大量液态水的行星。水是生命之源，正是因为有了水，地球才得以孕育出生命的奇迹。
 
 
 生命的诞生是一个神秘而奇妙的过程。根据科学家的研究，地球上的生命可能起源于约45亿年前。当时，地球还是一个炽热的球体，频繁的火山爆发和电闪雷鸣为生命的诞生提供了条件。在原始的海洋中，无机分子通过化学反应逐渐合成了有机化合物，从而诞生了最初的生命形式。
 
 
 随着时间的推移，生命不断演化，逐渐形成了复杂多样的生物。然而，地球上的生命历程并非一帆风顺。历史上曾发生过多次大规模的生物灭绝事件，其中最著名的一次发生在约6500万年前，一颗小行星的撞击导致了恐龙的灭绝，给哺乳动物的发展留下了空间。在这些生物大灭绝中，只有最适应环境的生物才能生存下来。
 
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 在生命的长河中，人类的出现是一个重要的里程碑。
 
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 人类的远古祖先可以追溯到约580万年前的人族动物，再到250万年前的早期人类。随着时间的流逝，智人在约50万年前的非洲演化出来，并最终扩散到全球。智人的演化过程中，大脑容量的增加和工具的使用是关键因素，最终导致了现代人类的诞生。
 
 
 文明的曙光初现于公元前3500年左右的美索不达米亚平原，苏美尔人建立了最早的文字和城邦，标志着人类文明的开始。随后，文明的火种在世界各地逐渐点燃，人类社会开始了加速发展。
 
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 科学的诞生则是在400年前的欧洲，伽利略被誉为科学之父，他打破了人类对宇宙的传统认识，开启了科学革命。随着科学的发展，人类对自然世界的理解越来越深，科技的进步也日新月异。如今，人类已经能够探索地球深处、飞向太空，甚至开始研究宇宙的起源和演化。
 
 
 人类对地球和宇宙起源的探索从未停止。无数科学家和探索者正致力于解开宇宙的奥秘，无论是通过地面的观测还是太空的探测，人类对未知的渴望和好奇心都在推动我们不断前进。未来，随着科技的进步，我们可能会对宇宙有更深刻的认识，甚至发现地外生命的存在，开启宇宙探索的新篇章。
 
</div>

穿越到几十亿年前，一起看看地球和人类是如何诞生的！

宇宙的诞生是一场壮丽的焰火秀，始于一次伟大的爆炸。在宇宙大爆炸模型中，宇宙的婴儿时期是在剧烈的爆炸中开启的。这场爆炸不仅释放了难以想象的能量，还在瞬间合成了氢、氦以及少量的锂、铍等元素。这些元素构成了宇宙的原始星云。随着时间的流...

Nueva Revelación de la NASA: Podríamos Vivir Dentro de un Agujero Negro

DIWIDA.NEWS astronomy, black holes, galaxies, news, science

<img data-document-id="cms/api/amp/video/AA1B5rLu" data-reference="video"/>

 Un reciente estudio de 263 galaxias proporciona nueva evidencia que apoya la idea de que nuestra
 universo
 Es el interior de una cosa.
 agujero negro
 .


 Al utilizar datos del
 telescopio espacial James Webb
 (JWST) de la
 NASA
 , los investigadores de la universidad estatal de
 Kansas
 (Estados Unidos) encontraron que la mayor parte de las galaxias rotan en el mismo sentido.


 El movimiento desafía las previas conjeturas de que nuestro universo sería isótropo, lo cual implicaría la presencia igualitaria de galaxias rotándose en dirección horario y contra horario.


 Lior Shamir, profesor adjunto de informática en la Universidad Estatal de Kansas, indica que las razones detrás de este fenómeno son un misterio, aunque existen dos posibilidades plausibles para su explicación.


 Una posible explicación es que el universo se formó rotando, y esto coincide con teorías como la cosmología de los agujeros negros, que sugiere que nuestro universo entero podría estar dentro del interior de uno de estos agujeros negros.

<img data-document-id="cms/api/amp/image/AA1B60UY" data-reference="image" src="https://img-s-msn-com.akamaized.net/tenant/amp/entityid/AA1B60UY.jpg"/>

 La teoría sobre el cosmos de los agujeros negros propone que la Vía Láctea junto con todas las otras galaxias visibles en nuestro universo estarían incluidas dentro de un agujero negro proveniente de un universo mucho mayor y diferente.


 Esta teoría pone en duda varios conceptos básicos sobre el cosmos, entre ellos la noción de que el Big Bang marcó el inicio del universo.


 También brinda la opción de que los agujeros negros en nuestro cosmos marquen los límites de otros universos, lo que sugiere una posible existencia de un multiverso.


 Los recientes hallazgos no ofrecen una evidencia concluyente sobre la cosmología de los agujeros negros; por ende, es necesario buscar mayor respaldo para entender completamente sus consecuencias.


 Shamir mencionó que otra posible explicación para el hecho de que la mayoría de las galaxias estudiadas giren en dirección horaria podría ser la influencia de la velocidad de rotación de nuestra propia Vía Láctea sobre las mediciones realizadas.


 "Si esto es cierto, deberemos ajustar nuevamente nuestras medidas de distancia en el universo lejano", dice Shamir.


 La readecuación de las mediciones de distancia podría también esclarecer varios otros problemas pendientes en la cosmovisión, tales como las discrepancias en las velocidades de expansión cósmica y los enormes cúmulos galácticos que, según nuestras actuales estimaciones distantes, parecen ser más viejos que el mismo cosmos.


 El estudio fue publicado en
 
 Noticias Mensuales de la Real Sociedad Astronómica
 
 , en
 un estudio
 Titulado 'La distribución de la rotación de las galaxias en el estudio profundo extragaláctico avanzado del JWST' (conocido como The distribution of galaxy rotation in JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey en inglés).


 
 
 Traducción de
 
 
 
 
 Michelle Padilla
 
 


 El Independiente en Español es la versión hermana del periódico The Independent, enfocándose en proporcionar las últimas informaciones sobre políticas, entretenimiento, cultura y otros temas. Nuestra misión se centra en entregar contenido exclusivo adaptado especialmente para los lectores que hablan español, destacando así las principales noticias globales.

Nueva Revelación de la NASA: Podríamos Vivir Dentro de un Agujero Negro

Un reciente estudio de 263 galaxias proporciona nueva evidencia que apoya la idea de que nuestra universo Es el interior de una cosa. ...

4 Fakta Ilmiah Mengejutkan Jika Baju Antariksa Astronot Rusia rusak

DIWIDA.NEWS astronauts, astronomy, astrophysics, science

Profesi astronot kerap menjadi jawaban bila anak-anak diminta menyebutkan impiannya untuk masa depan. Untuk pikiran polos para kecil itu, astronot memang kelihatan seperti pekerjaan yang sungguh menarik. Astronot memiliki kesempatan melaju dan menjelajahi benda-benda langit yang jarang dapat dilihat atau dicapai oleh manusia biasa. Tetapi pada kenyataannya, ada banyak risiko yang harus dihadapi seorang astronot selama bertugas di ruang hampa.


 Berbicara tentang astronot tentu tidak lepas dari pakaian luar angkasa (
 spacesuit
 ) atau lebih dikenal sebagai pakaian astronot yang begitu terkenal. Pakaian astronot diciptakan secara khusus untuk membantu manusia tetap bertahan ketika berada di ruang angkasa dengan kondisi lingkaran yang sangat berbeda dari Bumi. Pakaian ini dilengkapi dengan teknologi maju sehingga bisa mensimulasikan suasana Bumi bagi siapa pun yang mengenakannya di luar atmosfer kita.


 Berikut ini empat fakta ilmiah mengenai apa yang bakal terjadi kepada seorang astronot apabila pakaian antariksa mereka rusak ketika sedang melakukan ekstravaksi dalam ruang angkasa:
 1. Kelebihan Tekanan: Astronot bisa kehilangan kesadaran hanya dalam hitungan detik akibat tekanan rendah.
 2. Pengembunan Cairan Tubuh: Air dan cairan tubuh lainnya dapat mendidih dengan cepat di lingkungan tanpa atmosfer seperti itu.
 3. Pembengkakan Ekstrem: Akibat hilangnya udara bertekanan, jaringan tubuh menjadi sangat membuncit.
 4. Kebocoran Udara Dalam Paru-paru: Jika paru-paru pecah karena perubahan tekanan, hal tersebut dapat menyebabkan kerusakan serius atau bahkan kematian.
 Informasi ini disimpulkan dari beberapa referensi tentang situasi darurat luar biasa semacam ini bagi para pekerja luar angkasa.

<h2>
 1. Badan astronot akan membesar
</h2>
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 Salah satu aspek dari pakaian astronot adalah terdapatnya kontrol tekanan atmosfer. Menggunakan kostum astronot membuat para astronot dapat bertahan dalam kondisi dengan tekanan sama seperti di permukaan Bumi walaupun mereka berada di ruang luar yang memiliki tekanan sangat rendah. Ini krusial bagi keberlangsungan hidup astronot saat melakukan aktivitas di luar pesawat ruang angkasa.


 Keadaan horor bakal dirasakan oleh seorang astronot apabila pakaian luar angkasanya rusak, terutama pada bagian yang mengontrol tekanan. Dalam situasi tersebut, badan sang astronot bisa bertambah besar akibat gas-gas di dalam tubuh membesar dan hal itu dengan cepat dapat menjadi ancaman serius bagi kehidupan.


 Badan manusia mencakup sekitar 60% cairan dari keseluruhan bobotnya. Ini memberikan risiko besar bagi tubuh manusia untuk membengkak saat berada di ruang angkasa tanpa adanya pelindung seperti pakaian astronot. Menurut prinsip fisika, tingkat pendidihan secara langsung berkaitan dengan tekanan atmosfer.


 Oleh karena itu, jika seorang astronot berada di ruang hampa tanpa menggunakan pakaian antariksa, cairan di dalam tubuh akan dengan cepat mendidih dan menjadi gas serta uap air yang kemudian terakumulasikan di dalam sel-sel dan pembuluh darah. Secara fisik, tubuh astronot ini akan tampak membesar. Dalam konteks medis, situasi seperti ini dapat merusak fungsionalitas organ tubuh sehingga bisa mengarah ke kematian.

<h2>
 2. Astronot akan mengalami kekurangan oksigen.
</h2>
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 Manusia memerlukan oksigen agar dapat bernafas. Di bumi, manusia tak mengalami kendala dalam pernafasan akibat kelimpahan oksigen. Sementara itu, kondisi tersebut bertolak belakang ketika berada di ruang angkasa dimana kadar oksigennya sangat rendah dan kurang mencukupi bagi keperluan nafas manusia.


 Baju astronaut dilengkapi dengan
 Portable Life Support System
 (PLSS) memiliki salah satu komponennya yaitu tabung oksigen. Tabung ini amat vital dalam memberikan oksigen kepada astronot selama melakukan aktivitas di luar pesawat ruang angkasa, memastikan bahwa mereka tetap bisa bernafas dengan normal. Oleh karena itu, jika terjadi masalah pada kostum astronot, lebih-lebih mengenai fungsinya sebagai sumber pasokan oksigen, sang astronot mungkin tidak mendapatkan cukup oksigen dan hal tersebut bisa menimbulkan kondisi hipoksia.


 Orang yang menderita hipoksia umumnya akan merasakan kepala berputar serta tubuh letih. Selanjutnya, mereka juga bisa menjadi bingung dan hilang arah. Bila situasi ini dibiarkan tanpa perawatan medis tepat waktu di stadium serius, hal itu bisa menimbulkan kerusakan otak tetap dan bahkan kematian.

<h2>
 3. Astronot akan mengalami kondisi panas berlebihan serta suhu tubuh yang terlalu rendah.
</h2>
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 Suhu di ruang angkasa dapat menjadi ekstrem baik dalam keadaan dingin maupun panas. Saat sebuah area atau benda tertular cahaya matahari, temperatur bisa naik hingga sekitar 120 derajat Celsius. Di sisi lain, saat tidak mendapatkan paparan cahaya matahari, suhunya bisa jatuh drastis sampai -150 derajat Celsius.


 Pakaian astronot dirancang dengan sistem pelindung yang membantu mempertahankan suhu tubuh pemakainya secara konstan. Oleh karena itu, apabila pakaian ini rusak saat sedang di ruang angkasa, seorang astronot bisa menderita hipertermia akibat panas berlebihan serta hipotermia disebabkan oleh dingin ekstrem. Dalam kondisi terparah, orang tersebut bisa mengalami kejang, halusinasi, bahkan hilangnya kesadaran.

<h2>
 4. Mengalami paparan terhadap radiasi sinar kosmik
</h2>
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 Bahan yang digunakan untuk membuat pakaian astronot adalah material anti-radiasi. Ini dilakukan agar astronot bisa terlindung dari ancaman paparan sinar kosmik. Saat mereka ada di ruang angkasa, pengaruh paparan radiasi tersebut jauh lebih signifikan. Di luar angkasa tak hanya kehilangan perlindungan lapisan atmosfer yang biasa menyerap sebagian sinar kosmik layaknya di Bumi, tetapi juga menghadapi tingkat radiasi sinar kosmik yang lebih tinggi akibat adanya sumber lain seperti supernova.
 black hole
 .


 Apabila seorang astronot berada di ruang angkasa ketika kostum antariksanya mengalami masalah atau cacat, risiko paparan terhadap radiasi kosmis bakal meningkat signifikan. Ini dikarenakan kurangnya perlindungan dari kostum tersebut serta absennya atmosfir Bumi untuk menetralkan radiasi itu sendiri. Paparan semacam ini bisa memicu kerusakan pada DNA atau penyakit kanker.


 Di penghujung hari, kita menyadari bahwa pakaian astronot tidak hanya semacam seragam pekerjaan layaknya kemeja polisi, militer, atau dokter. Justru, baju astronot adalah sebuah sistem kehidupan yang melindungi diri mereka saat berada di ruang hampa. Dapat disimpulkan jika keselamatan seorang astronot sangat tergantung pada pakaian spesial tersebut ketika bertugas di luar atmosfer bumi.

4 Fakta Ilmiah Mengejutkan Jika Baju Antariksa Astronot Rusia rusak

Profesi astronot kerap menjadi jawaban bila anak-anak diminta menyebutkan impiannya untuk masa depan. Untuk pikiran polos para kecil itu, ...

Ryan Gosling's Quirky Astronaut Takes a Desperate Leap in 'Project Hail Mary' Trailer: "Not Your Typical Spacesuit"

DIWIDA.NEWS astronomy, astrophysics, movies, space exploration, television series

<img data-document-id="cms/api/amp/image/AA1o3Ihd" data-reference="image" src="https://img-s-msn-com.akamaized.net/tenant/amp/entityid/AA1o3Ihd.jpg"/>
<div class="pmc-paywall">
 
 In "Project Hail Mary," Ryan Gosling portrays a somewhat awkward and decidedly non-Ken-like character who transforms from a science instructor into an astronaut. This sci-fi thriller was showcased by Amazon MGM Studios during their presentation for cinema operators at CinemaCon on Wednesday.
 
 
 Gosling informs the government handler (Sandra Hüller), who has selected him for a perilous space mission, 'I added the 'not' to astronaut,' he says. 'I can’t even do the moonwalk,'
 
 
 The movie, based on Andy Weir's popular book of the same title, tells the story of an average person who discovers they have the skills necessary for venturing into the farthest parts of space.
 
 
 Phil Lord and Christopher Miller, known for directing hits like "The Lego Movie" and "21 Jump Street," have taken charge of a project based on a script penned by Drew Goddard. This script adapts Andy Weir’s novel "The Martian" into another successful film featuring Matt Damon.
 
 
 Rights to Weir's book ignited a bidding competition, ultimately leading to MGM Studios acquiring them for $3 million before their acquisition by Amazon. In 2023, Gosling took center stage in the blockbuster hit "Barbie." Additionally, he co-starred with Emily Blunt in "The Fall Guy" from last summer; although critically acclaimed, the film did not resonate with viewers.
 
 
 "Project Hail Mary" will debut in the United States on March 20, 2026.
 
 
 In contrast to other streaming platforms, Amazon MGM Studios has won over cinema owners by pledging to distribute more than a dozen films for theatrical release. The company’s appearance at CinemaCon aims to demonstrate the depth of this dedication.
 
</div>
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In "Project Hail Mary," Ryan Gosling portrays a somewhat awkward and decidedly non-Ken-like character who transforms from a ...

NASA captures first lights turning on in the universe

DIWIDA.NEWS astronomers, astronomy, james webb space telescope, science, technology

<ul class="mol-bullets-with-font">
 <li class="">
 
 READ MORE:  Webb telescope captures images of galaxy that shouldn't exist
 
 </li>
</ul>

 NASA
 's
 James Webb
 Space Telescope (JWST) has captured the earliest evidence of light shining through the cosmos.


 An international team of researchers used JWST to observe an ancient galaxy that emitted light just 330 million years after the Big Bang,
 when a thick fog of neutral hydrogen gas made it difficult for light to cut through the darkness
 .


 This galaxy, called
 JADES-GS-z13-1-LA
 , somehow managed to shine even though its light should have been completely absorbed by the dense fog.


 JADES is one of the most distant galaxies in the known universe. Its light had to travel nearly 13.5 billion light-years to reach JWST, which also means that this galaxy is almost as ancient as the universe itself.


 The farther out in space astronomers look using telescopes like JWST, the further back in time they're seeing, almost all the way to the Big Bang.


 What's more,
 JWST detected a Lyman-alpha emission
 from JADES, which is a specific, distinctly bright wavelength of light that is very easily absorbed by neutral hydrogen.


 The fact that the telescope spotted this emission means that the fog immediately surrounding the galaxy must dissipated, according to the researchers.


 This suggests JADES was actively clearing the neutral hydrogen gas away.

<img data-document-id="cms/api/amp/image/AA1CaNE9" data-reference="image" src="https://img-s-msn-com.akamaized.net/tenant/amp/entityid/AA1CaNE9.jpg"/>

 'This result was totally unexpected by theories of early galaxy formation and has caught astronomers by surprise,' Roberto Maiolino, co-researcher and astrophysicist at the University of Cambridge and University College London, said in a
 statement
 .


 The universe began roughly 13.8 billion years ago with the Big Bang. In its early years, it looked completely different than the shining, sparkling cosmos we see today.


 
 Beginning 400,000 years after the Big Bang and lasting hundreds of millions of years, the universe was in a period known as the 'dark ages' when no planets, stars, or galaxies existed.
 


 
 During this time, only a fog of hydrogen atoms floated around in the darkness.
 


 
 But around 680 million years after the Big Bang, the first stars and galaxies began to form.
 


 
 They released ultraviolet radiation into the darkness, initiating the disintegration of hydrogen atoms and progressively making the universe translucent to light.
 


 Over millions of additional years, an increasing number of stars came together and grouped into galaxies.


 
 By
 
 
 1.1 billion years following the Big Bang, the cosmos transformed from an opaque expanse of darkness into a clear, luminous universe.
 

<img data-document-id="cms/api/amp/image/AA1CaQfK" data-reference="image" src="https://img-s-msn-com.akamaized.net/tenant/amp/entityid/AA1CaQfK.jpg"/>
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 However, upon examining the JADES galaxy with JWST’s imaging and spectroscopy tools, the scientists discovered that it originates from the midst of the cosmic dark ages.
 


 
 Back then, the neutral hydrogen gas would have been so dense that it effectively suffocated any light released by the earliest stars or galaxies.
 


 
 "We truly shouldn't have encountered a galaxy like this based on our current comprehension of how the universe has developed," stated Kevin Hainline, an astronomer from the University of Arizona and also a co-author, in the press release.
 


 
 "We might envision the early universe as being enveloped in a dense mist, making it extremely challenging to detect even strong beacons trying to shine through. However, what we observe here is the beam of light from this galaxy slicing through the haze," he explained.
 


 
 This intriguing spectral line holds significant implications for understanding when and how the universe underwent reionization.
 


 
 The group released their research in the periodical
 Nature
 .
 


 
 Currently, the researchers do not understand the mechanism or reason behind the emission of Lyman-alpha radiation from this galaxy.
 
 
 However, they do possess certain hypotheses.
 


 
 A potential explanation could be that JADES contains exceptionally massive, hot stars which are much more effective at generating ionizing radiation compared to an average star nowadays.
 


 
 In this scenario, these stars might have warmed the nearby gas to over fifteen times the temperature of the Sun's surface, leading to extraordinarily intense radiation emissions.
 


 A different hypothesis suggests that the JADES galaxy hosts an active supermassive black hole, with radiation from matter plunging into this black hole causing the surrounding gas to become ionized.


 The research team discovered some supporting evidence for this concept. They found that the measurements indicating the size of JADES suggest it is remarkably small—a trait typical of galaxies hosting black holes.


 Despite the manner in which the light from this distant ancient galaxy pierced through the obscurity of the early universe, obtaining these images provides insight into potentially the initial glow emitted by the earliest stars in our universe, according to the scientists.

Read more

NASA captures first lights turning on in the universe

READ MORE: Webb telescope captures images of galaxy that shouldn't exist NASA 's James Webb Space Telescope (JW...

Kenapa Penumpang Tak Bisa Melihat Bintang dari Jendela Pesawat?

DIWIDA.NEWS astronomy, flying, safety, science, stargazing and night sky watching

<img data-document-id="cms/api/amp/image/AA1ue4TY" data-reference="image" src="https://img-s-msn-com.akamaized.net/tenant/amp/entityid/AA1ue4TY.jpg"/>

 
 
 DIWIDA
 
 
 ,
 
 
 Jakarta
 
 
 - Tempat duduk di dekat jendela menjadi salah satu hal yang paling dicari penumpang saat naik
 pesawat
 . Harapannya, mereka bisa melihat pemandangan indah di luar melalui jendela tersebut. Namun, sayangnya, penumpang tak akan pernah bisa melihat bintang dari sana.


 Seorang ahli telah mengungkap alasan sebenarnya mengapa penumpang tidak dapat melihat bintang di luar
 jendela pesawat
 . Astrofisikawan teoretis dan penulis sains, Ethan Siegel, mengatakan bahwa penyebab terbesar di balik misteri ini adalah lampu buatan di kabin yang dapat mengaburkan pandangan terhadap langit malam yang berkelap-kelip.

<h2>
 Lampu Pesawat Bikin Silau
</h2>

 Ilmuwan tersebut mengatakan bahwa para
 penumpang pesawat
 kehilangan sebagian dari langit terbaik karena lampu. Lampu pesawat yang menyilaukan dapat menciptakan silau di jendela, sehingga hampir mustahil untuk melihat malam berbintang di bawahnya. Ia membandingkan fenomena tersebut dengan ketika orang tidak dapat melihat apa yang terjadi di luar rumah jika lampu menyala karena di dalam rumah harus lebih gelap.


 "Aturan umumnya, tempat Anda melihat harus lebih gelap daripada tempat yang Anda tuju, atau Anda tidak akan dapat melihat banyak hal," kata dia dalam sebuah posting di
 Medium
 , yang dikutip
 Daily Mail
 ,
 Senin, 31 Maret 2025.


 Ia menambahkan, jika bukan karena lampu pesawat, penumpang sebenarnya akan dapat menikmati pemandangan langit terbaik. Mudahnya, seseorang dapat membayangkan berada di rumah sendiri pada malam hari. Jika lampu di dalam rumah menyala tetapi di luar gelap, orang tidak dapat melihat luar dengan jelas. Sementara, sari luar rumah, seseorang yang melihat ke dalam dapat melihat semua. "Namun, jika Anda ingin melihat apa yang terjadi di luar, Anda perlu mematikan lampu di dalam dan mematikan lampu di luar, bukan?"

<h2>
 Faktor Cahaya Kota dan Bulan
</h2>

 Namun, faktor-faktor seperti polusi cahaya dari kota-kota, bahkan ribuan kaki di bawah, dapat memengaruhi visibilitas bintang-bintang. Bulan juga bisa jadi penghalang alami karena cahayanya dapat mengalahkan cahaya bintang dan meredupkannya.


 Jika wisatawan ingin mengamati bintang-bintang dalam penerbangan, mereka harus memilih tempat duduk di dekat jendela yang jauh dari sayap pesawat, tidak menghadap bulan, dan mematikan lampu kabin jika memungkinkan. Dari lokasi yang sangat tercemar cahaya (seperti kebanyakan kota besar), hanya bintang dan planet yang paling terang yang terlihat, bahkan pada malam yang cerah. Sebaliknya, jika dari lokasi yang gelap dan jauh dari kota, tanpabulan dan cahaya berlebihan, jumlah bintang yang terlihat melonjak hingga antara 6.000 dan 45.000, Bima Sakti terlihat, dan warna bintang juga lebih terang.


 
 DAILY MAIL | MEDIUM

Kenapa Penumpang Tak Bisa Melihat Bintang dari Jendela Pesawat?

DIWIDA , Jakarta - Tempat duduk di dekat jendela menjadi salah satu hal yang paling dicari penumpang saat naik...

A Giant Eye on the Sky: The ELT Could Detect Life at Proxima Centauri Overnight

DIWIDA.NEWS astronomers, astronomy, astrophysics, extraterrestrial, science

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 With the promise of revolutionizing our view of nearby star systems, the
 
 Extremely Large Telescope (ELT)
 
 is poised to do something no ground-based observatory has done before: detect potential signs of life on a planet orbiting the closest star to the Sun—
 
 Proxima Centauri
 
 —in under half a day. A new simulation study outlines how, thanks to its massive light-gathering power and unprecedented resolution, the ELT may be able to distinguish between living and lifeless planets based solely on the reflected light from their atmospheres.


 This breakthrough possibility is detailed in a 2025 study by
 
 Miles H. Currie
 
 and
 
 Victoria S. Meadows
 
 , which models the telescope’s ability to extract molecular fingerprints from exoplanets that don’t even transit their host stars. Their preprint,
 available on arXiv
 , suggests the answer to one of astronomy’s most enduring questions—
 
 are we alone?
 
 —might be just a few years away.

<h2>
 The next leap in Earth-based astronomy
</h2>

 Set high in the
 
 Chilean Atacama Desert, the ELT
 
 is scheduled to begin operations in 2028. With a primary mirror spanning 39 meters, it will be the largest optical/infrared telescope ever built on Earth. Its enormous surface area will allow it to collect more light than any previous ground-based telescope—and produce images up to 16 times sharper than Hubble.


 While other telescopes like
 
 JWST
 
 have made progress in analyzing exoplanet atmospheres during planetary transits, they face limitations. Most notably, many exoplanets—including some of the most promising Earth-like ones—
 
 do not transit
 
 from our line of sight. That’s where the ELT changes the game.


 Instead of waiting for a planet to pass in front of its star, the ELT will be able to capture
 
 reflected starlight
 
 directly from exoplanetary atmospheres. Using advanced high-contrast imaging and
 
 spectroscopy
 
 , it can isolate molecular signatures such as
 
 oxygen
 
 ,
 
 carbon dioxide
 
 , and
 
 water vapor
 
 —markers that could hint at biological activity.

<h2>
 Simulating the search for life
</h2>

 To evaluate the ELT’s potential, Currie and Meadows created detailed simulations of four Earth-like worlds orbiting nearby
 
 red dwarf stars
 
 :


 ・A lush, non-industrial Earth, rich in water and plant life


 ・An ancient Archean Earth, with primitive life and minimal oxygen


 ・A desiccated, oceanless world, more like Venus or Mars


 ・A barren, prebiotic Earth, with the chemistry for life but no organisms


 The researchers also modeled Neptune-sized
 exoplanets
 for contrast, expecting their thick atmospheres to yield different spectral patterns.


 Their goal: determine whether the ELT could reliably distinguish between living and lifeless planets, while avoiding false positives or false negatives. Could a planet without life appear to be thriving—or worse, could a truly habitable world be mistaken for a dead one?


 Their conclusion was clear: with only ten hours of observation, the ELT could likely identify atmospheric biosignatures on an Earth-like planet around Proxima Centauri. For gas giants, meaningful spectra could be obtained in just an hour.

<h2>
 Proxima Centauri: the prime target
</h2>

 Orbiting just 4.24 light-years away,
 
 Proxima Centauri
 
 is home to at least two known exoplanets—Proxima b and Proxima d. While the exact habitability of Proxima b is still debated, its location within the star’s habitable zone and relative proximity to Earth make it a prime candidate for future observations.


 If even a
 
 thin atmosphere
 
 exists around Proxima b, the ELT might be able to detect it. And if that atmosphere contains molecules associated with biology, the implications would be staggering.


 With the telescope’s capabilities, astronomers won’t need to rely solely on rare planetary alignments or indirect detection. They’ll be able to observe exoplanets directly, opening the door to a more continuous and detailed survey of nearby planetary systems.

<h2>
 Beyond detection: preventing misinterpretation
</h2>

 Importantly, the study also highlights the risk of spectral ambiguity. Not every detection of oxygen or methane should be taken as a smoking gun for life. Natural, abiotic processes can mimic the chemical output of organisms.


 That’s why the
 
 ELT’s resolution
 
 and sensitivity are so critical. By combining multiple spectral features and high-resolution data, researchers hope to develop stronger biosignature frameworks, reducing the likelihood of mistaken conclusions.


 In this context, the ELT will not just search for life—it will help define what counts as evidence.


 
 Enjoyed this article?
 
 Subscribe to our free newsletter
 for engaging stories, exclusive content, and the latest news.


 For more news like this, visit
 .

A Giant Eye on the Sky: The ELT Could Detect Life at Proxima Centauri Overnight

With the promise of revolutionizing our view of nearby star systems, the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) is poised to do someth...

Distant Galaxy's Giant Jets Forecast a Grim Future for the Milky Way

DIWIDA.NEWS astronomy, black holes, galaxies, news, spirituality

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 Astronomers have discovered an intense cosmic anomaly that could provide insights into the future of our own Milky Way Galaxy. Located at the center of a large spiral galaxy almost a
 
 billion light-years away
 
 , researchers have identified one of the strongest instances of
 
 black hole activity
 
 Have you ever witnessed such phenomena in a galaxy like this one? It challenges what we've known for decades regarding how galaxies expand, develop, and endure.


 Published in the
 
 Monthly Notices from the Royal Astronomical Society
 
 , the findings suggest that spiral galaxies like our own are not as immune to
 
 high-energy disruption
 
 as once believed—and that the
 
 Milky Way’s quiet center
 
 could one day erupt with consequences for life on Earth.

<h2>
 A Supermassive Engine Inside a Spiral Giant
</h2>

 The galaxy in question,
 
 2MASX J23453268−0449256
 
 , is roughly
 
 three times the size
 
 of the Milky Way and hosts a
 
 supermassive black hole
 
 billions of times the mass of the Sun. What shocked scientists was the discovery of
 
 radio jets stretching 6 million light-years
 
 —among the largest ever observed in any galaxy, let alone a spiral.


 “This discovery is more than just an oddity—it forces us to rethink how galaxies evolve, and how supermassive black holes grow in them and shape their environments,” said lead author
 
 Professor Joydeep Bagchi
 
 of CHRIST University in Bangalore.


 Traditionally, such energetic jets were thought to
 
 tear apart
 
 the delicate disk structures of spiral galaxies. But this one appears to be thriving—its arms intact, its stellar ring undisturbed, and its nucleus glowing with activity.


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<h2>
 The Milky Way’s Dormant Threat
</h2>

 At the center of our galaxy sits
 
 Sagittarius A
 
 (Sgr A*), a black hole with a mass of about
 
 4 million suns
 
 . For now, it remains largely inactive. But scientists warn that a future event—such as the capture of a rogue star or gas cloud—could trigger
 
 tidal disruption events
 
 capable of awakening it.


 “Could our galaxy one day experience similar high-energy phenomena that will have serious consequences for the survival of precious life in it?” Bagchi asked.


 If Sgr A* unleashed jets like those seen in J23453268−0449256, their direction and strength would determine their impact. Radiation from such a jet could
 
 strip atmospheres
 
 , mutate DNA, and
 
 degrade Earth’s ozone layer
 
 . Even without direct exposure, the
 
 interstellar environment
 
 around us could be dramatically altered.

<h2>
 A Galaxy that Shouldn’t Exist
</h2>

 Despite its violent core, J23453268−0449256 retains the classic beauty of a spiral galaxy—an arrangement long believed incompatible with
 
 colossal jet activity
 
 . It features
 
 well-defined spiral arms
 
 , a bright central bar, and no signs of being torn apart by its central black hole.


 Adding to its uniqueness is a
 
 vast halo of X-ray-emitting gas
 
 . While this gas would typically cool and give birth to stars, the galaxy’s jets act like a
 
 cosmic furnace
 
 , heating the halo and suppressing
 
 new star formation
 
 .


 This creates a paradox: a galaxy that seems both
 
 extremely active
 
 and yet
 
 surprisingly stable
 
 .

<h2>
 Dark Matter and Hidden Forces
</h2>

 The study also revealed that J23453268−0449256 contains around
 
 ten times more dark matter
 
 than the Milky Way. This extra mass may be the key to its survival, allowing it to withstand the internal chaos without structural collapse.


 “Understanding these rare galaxies could provide vital clues about the unseen forces governing the universe—including the nature of dark matter, the long-term fate of galaxies, and the origin of life,” said
 
 Shankar Ray
 
 , co-author and Ph.D. student at CHRIST University.


 By uncovering a stable relationship between
 
 dark matter
 
 ,
 
 galactic architecture
 
 , and
 
 black hole feedback
 
 , the discovery opens up new frontiers in
 
 astrophysics and cosmology
 
 .

<h2>
 Looking Ahead at Our Own Galaxy
</h2>

 The idea that spiral galaxies are passive and orderly no longer holds up. The case of J23453268−0449256 suggests they can harbor
 
 extreme energy outputs
 
 without losing their structure—and that similar events may lie in the
 
 Milky Way’s future
 
 .


 “Ultimately, this study brings us one step closer to unraveling the mysteries of the cosmos, reminding us that the universe still holds surprises beyond our imagination,” Ray said.


 The silent heart of our galaxy may not stay quiet forever. When it wakes, the impact could ripple far beyond the stars—right down to our own world.


 
 Enjoyed this article?
 
 Subscribe to our free newsletter
 for engaging stories, exclusive content, and the latest news.


 For more news like this, visit
 .

Distant Galaxy's Giant Jets Forecast a Grim Future for the Milky Way

Astronomers have discovered an intense cosmic anomaly that could provide insights into the future of our own Milky Way Galaxy. Located...

This new telescope lens could be a game-changer for space imagery

DIWIDA.NEWS astronomers, astronomy, james webb space telescope, science, technology

Engineers and astronomers at the University of Utah have designed a unique new kind of telescope lens: a flat lens with microscopic etchings to refract light. If the concept can be scaled up, these lenses could one day replace the heavier, bulkier lenses and mirrors typically used in telescopes, particularly those of professional observatories on the ground and in . Down the line, they could also be implemented on amateur telescopes, the team says.


 "Our computational techniques suggested we could design multi-level diffractive flat lenses with large apertures that could focus light across the visible spectrum," Rajesh Menon, a Utah professor of engineering, said in a
 statement
 .


 There are two basic types of telescope: refractors and reflectors. A refractor uses lenses to refract light and bring it to a focus. Reflectors utilize at least two mirrors to reflect the light to a focal point. Because large lenses are heavy and expensive to make, larger telescopes tend to use mirrors (sometimes in combination with smaller lenses). Lenses can also suffer from a malaise known as chromatic aberration, in which different wavelengths of light are refracted to slightly different degrees so that different colors come to focus at different points, resulting in color fringing around objects. Optical technicians can alleviate this through the complex use of glass coatings and multiple lenses — though that adds cost and expense.

<img data-document-id="cms/api/amp/video/AA1Bbb7M" data-reference="video"/>

 However, the days of bulky, expensive telescope lenses could soon be coming to an end thanks to the team's new flat lens measuring less than a millimeter thick. that has been developed by a team led by Apratim Majumder, who is a member of Menon's lab at Utah.


 "Our demonstration is a stepping stone towards creating very large aperture, lightweight flat lenses with the capability of capturing full-color images for use in air- and based telescopes,” Apratim Majumder, a member of Menon's lab at Utah and leader of the crew behind the new lens prototype, said in the statement.


 Majumder, Menon and their team designed a 100mm (4-inch) flat lens, where microscopic concentric rings are etched onto a glass substrate using a technique called "grayscale optical lithography," which is a variation of a method typically used for etching electronics onto a silicon wafer. Most of the half-millimeter thickness of the flat lens is the glass — the ringed grooves are just 2.4 microns deep.

<img data-document-id="cms/api/amp/image/AA1BkHks" data-reference="image" src="https://img-s-msn-com.akamaized.net/tenant/amp/entityid/AA1BkHks.jpg"/>

 The use of concentric rings on a flat lens isn't new — a precursor, called a Fresnel zone plate, tries to do the same trick but is unable to eradicate chromatic aberration. However, the Utah team's multilevel diffractive lens (MDL) is able to bring all the wavelengths of light for which it was designed to detect (400–800 nanometers, covering the range of visible light and into the near-infrared) to a focus at the same point, thanks to how the size of the rings and the spacing between affect how the incoming light is refracted. Because all the colors come to focus at the same point, there is no chromatic aberration.


 Back when the telescope was
 invented by Hans Lippershey
 in 1608, it was done so by experimenting with putting lenses together. Today, a telescope's optical design involves complex computer modelling and large amounts of data.

<img data-document-id="cms/api/amp/image/AA1Bky72" data-reference="image" src="https://img-s-msn-com.akamaized.net/tenant/amp/entityid/AA1Bky72.jpg"/>

 "Simulating the performance of these lenses over a very large bandwidth, from visible to near-infrared, involved solving complex computational problems involving very large datasets," said Majumder. "Once we optimized the design of the lens’ microstructures, the manufacturing process involved required very stringent process control and environmental stability."


 The resulting 100mm lens, which has a focal length of 200mm, was then tested on both the
 sun
 and the
 moon
 , successfully showing
 sunspots
 and (in an artificially color-enhanced image) accurate geological features on the lunar surface. The 100mm MDL weighs just 25 grams (0.88 oz), compared to the 211 grams (7.44 oz) of a similarly sized, commercially available 100mm lens that is 17mm thick at its curved center.


 The
 Hubble Telescope
 uses a 2.4-meter primary mirror with a total mass of 1,825 pounds (828 kilograms), and the
 James Webb Telescope
 incorporates 18 segments in its primary 21-foot (6.5-meter) mirror in total weighing (on Earth) 1,555 pounds (705 kilograms). On
 Earth
 , individual telescope mirrors have an upper size limit of 26-33 feet (8–10 meters), beyond which gravity starts to cause them to sag. The development of a flat, lightweight lens could therefore transform telescopes, particularly for launches where mass is a key limiting factor for getting off the Earth.


 A description of the flat MDL lens was published on Feb. 3 in the journal
 Applied Physics Letters
 .

This new telescope lens could be a game-changer for space imagery

Engineers and astronomers at the University of Utah have designed a unique new kind of telescope lens: a flat lens with microscopic etchin...

Temuan Mengejutkan: Pabrik Planet 30 Juta Tahun yang Melawan Teori Ilmiah

DIWIDA.NEWS astronomy, astrophysics, earth science, news, science

<img data-document-id="cms/api/amp/image/AA1BgUrf" data-reference="image" src="https://img-s-msn-com.akamaized.net/tenant/amp/entityid/AA1BgUrf.jpg"/>

 
 
 - Para astronom selama ini percaya bahwa cakram gas dan debu yang membentuk planet di sekitar bintang muda hanya bertahan sekitar 10 juta tahun. Namun, sebuah penemuan terbaru dengan menggunakan Teleskop James Webb milik NASA menunjukkan bahwa untuk bintang dengan massa rendah, cakram ini bisa bertahan jauh lebih lama—hingga 30 juta tahun.


 Teleskop Webb mengungkapkan adanya lingkungan yang stabil dan kaya gas di sekitar bintang-bintang kecil, membuka kemungkinan baru bagi pembentukan planet yang lebih lama dari yang diperkirakan sebelumnya.


 Hal ini dapat berdampak besar pada pemahaman kita tentang evolusi planet dan kemungkinan adanya kehidupan di luar Bumi. Salah satu sistem yang menjadi perhatian khusus adalah TRAPPIST-1, di mana planet-planetnya mungkin memiliki waktu ekstra untuk terbentuk di zona layak huni.

<h3>
 'Planet Factory' di Tata Surya
</h3>

 Bila alam semesta punya buku foto, pasti terdapat banyak gambarnya adalah cakram gas dan debu yang berotasi; suatu area dimana planet-planet mulai terbentuk di sekitar bintang-bintang baru. Cakra ini memberikan material bagi pembentukan planet namun umumnya cuma tahan selama kira-kira sepuluh juta tahun sebelum pada akhirnya lenyap.


 Namun, para peneliti di Universitas Arizona mengungkapkan bahwa untuk bintang berukuran kecil dengan massa hanya seperseribu matahari atau kurang, diskus ini dapat bertahan lebih lama daripada yang diprediksi sebelumnya.


 Dalam studi yang dirilis dalam jurnal Astrophysical Letters, kelompok yang dikendalikan oleh Feng Long dari Laboratorium Planet dan Bulan, Universitas Arizona, mengungkapkan bahwa mereka telah menemukan sebuah cakram protoplanet dengan usia 30 juta tahun, tiga kali lipat dari estimasi sebelumnya.


 "Dengan cara pandang tertentu, cakram protoplanet mengungkapkan kepada kami versi bayi dari sistem planet, mencakup bagaimana Tata Surya kita kemungkinan terlihat ketika masih dalam tahap awal," jelas Long, yang juga merupakan Sagan Fellow di Laboratorium Planetologi dan Lunar.



<h3>
 Bagaimana Bintang Memengaruhi Umur Cakramnya
</h3>

 Umumnya, radiasi berenergi tinggi dari bintang muda dapat mendorong gas dan partikel debu keluar dari cakrawala, sehingga mengurangi sumber material yang dibutuhkan untuk menciptakan planet. Akan tetapi, para ilmuwan dalam tim ini mendeteksi sebuah bintang dengan nama formal WISE J044634.16–262756.1B, atau biasa dipanggil sebagai J0446B, yang ada di rasi Columba kira-kira 267 tahun Cahaya jauh dari Bumi. Mereka melihat bahwa disk formator planet tersebut mempertahankan keberadaannya selama tiga kali lipat lebih lama daripada estimasi awal mereka.


 "Walaupun sudah diketahui kalau kebanyakan cakram akan lenyap dalam rentang waktu 10 sampai 20 juta tahun, kami menemukan fakta bahwa untuk beberapa jenis bintang spesifik, cakram tersebut dapat bertahan selama yang lebih lama," ungkap Long.


 Sebagai penyedia material utama dalam proses pembentukan planet, umur dari cakram debu ini akan mempengaruhi seberapa banyak waktu yang dimiliki oleh suatu sistem untuk menghasilkan planet.



<h3>
 Mengapa Kestabilan Kimia Penting dalam Formasi Planet?
</h3>

 Walaupun bintang remaja menjaga diskus debu mereka dalam periode yang cukup panjang, kandungan kimianya tak banyak berevolusi. Peneliti mengungkapkan bahwa walaupun diskus tersebut bertahan hingga ratusan juta tahun, struktur kimianya tetap konstan. Hal ini menyiratkan bahwa kondisi kimia yang tenang bisa memberi kesempatan tambahan bagi pembentukan planet.


 Dengan mengamati komposisi gas pada cakrawala, tim ilmuwan menegaskan bahwa cakrawala yang ada di sekitar J0446B tidak berupa cakrawala debu (
 
 debris disk
 
 ), yang umumnya terbentuk dari bahan-bahan akibat benturan antara asteroid-asteroid tersebut.


 "Tim kami mengidentifikasi adanya gas semacam hidrogen dan neon, hal ini mengindikasikan keberadaan gas primordial pada cakram J0446B," jelas Chengyan Xie, seorang mahasiswi doctoral dari LPL yang turut serta dalam proyek riset tersebut.



<h3>
 Konsekuensi untuk Kehidupan di Luar Planet Earth
</h3>

 Kehadiran cincin gas yang bertahan cukup lama memberikan dampak signifikan pada peluang adanya kehidupan di luar Tata Surya. Satu sistem yang telah menjadi fokus bagi banyak peneliti adalah TRAPPIST-1, yang letaknya kurang lebih 40 tahun Cahaya jauh dari Bumi. Di dalam sistem tersebut ditemukan ada tujuh planet berskala sama seperti Bumi yang mengitari sebuah bintang katai merah; dan tiga di antara mereka berlokasi tepat di zona yang memungkinkan untuk mendukung kehidupan.


 Karena bintang beserta cakram planetnya dapat bertahan selama periode panjang dan termasuk ke dalam kelompok massa yang serupa dengan TRAPPIST-1, temuan ini menjadi sangat vital bagi pemahaman kita mengenai perkembangan sistem planet.


 Ilaria Pascucci, seorang professor bidang ilmu planet dari LPL dan juga penulis studi ini, menyatakan bahwa untuk mencapai tatanan orbit khusus layaknya yang terlihat pada sistem TRAPPIST-1, planets tersebut perlu berpindah posisi di dalam cakram, sebuah proses yang memerlukan adanya gas. Dia menjelaskan lebih lanjut bahwa kehadiran gas secara persisten dalam jenis cakram semacam itu bisa jadi merupakan penyebab utama di balik konfigurasi luar biasa TRAPPIST-1.



<h3>
 Apakah Yang Bisa Kami Petik Hikmahnya dari Disks Sejauh Ini?
</h3>

 Menariknya, cakram protoplanet yang berumur panjang ini tidak dijumpai pada bintang bert massa tinggi layaknya Matahari, sebab bintang jenis tersebut mengalami evolusi dengan kecepatan lebih cepat, memberikan durasi yang singkat bagi pembentukan planet.


 Walaupun Tata Surya kita memiliki rute evolusi tersendiri, penelitian terkait cakram protoplanet tipe ini tetap memberikan pemahaman penting mengenai proses pembentukan planet dalam kosmos. Penyelidik menyebutkan bahwa jumlah bintang dengan massa ringan jauh melebihi kuantitas bintang sekelas Matahari.


 "Melalui pemahaman akan evolusi dari bintang-bintang bermassa ringan serta mengetahui lebih banyak tentang cakram jangka panjang tersebut, kita dapat melengkapi kesenjangan pada koleksi gambar universal," ungkap Long.


 Temuan ini membuka peluang baru untuk mencari tanda-tanda kehidupan di luar Bumi dan menguji kembali pengetahuan kita tentang pembentukan planet, yang ternyata membutuhkan masa yang jauh lebih lama daripada estimasi kami sebelumnya.

Temuan Mengejutkan: Pabrik Planet 30 Juta Tahun yang Melawan Teori Ilmiah

- Para astronom selama ini percaya bahwa cakram gas dan debu yang membentuk planet di sekitar bintang muda hanya bertahan sekitar 10 ...

NASA Data Indicates Our Universe May Be Nested Within a Black Hole

DIWIDA.NEWS astronomy, astrophysics, black holes, cosmology, galaxies

<img data-document-id="cms/api/amp/image/AA1BaXwR" data-reference="image" src="https://img-s-msn-com.akamaized.net/tenant/amp/entityid/AA1BaXwR.jpg"/>

 A recent study utilizing information gathered by NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope about 263 galaxies has presented fresh support for an unexpected hypothesis.


 According to this theory, our universe might be contained within a black hole which emerged in an even more extensive cosmos.
 Digi24
 .


 Scientists at Kansas State University have found out that the majority of galaxies in our universe spin in the same direction.


 This questions the notion that our universe is uniform, suggesting that we should observe an equal distribution of galaxies spinning clockwise and counterclockwise.


 Lior Shamir, an associate professor of computer science, explained that there are two main possible reasons for this.


 One explanation is that the universe was born in rotation. This fits with the theory of black hole cosmology, which suggests that our universe exists inside a black hole in a larger universe.


 
 Also read
 


 NASA Astronauts Head Home After 9 Months in Space


 “First-Of-Its-Kind Imagery”: NASA Footage Shows Moon Landing Like Never Before


 According to this theory, the Milky Way and all other galaxies would be inside a black hole formed in a much bigger universe.


 This idea goes against several widely accepted theories in cosmology, such as the Big Bang theory, which claims that the Big Bang marked the start of our universe.


 Though the new findings are intriguing, they don't definitively prove that the universe is inside a black hole.


 More evidence is needed to fully understand the implications of this model. Another possible explanation for galaxies rotating in the same direction is that the Milky Way's rotation might distort the data.


 If this is the case, scientists would need to adjust their methods for measuring distances in the universe.


 Adjusting these measurements could also explain other mysteries in cosmology, like why the expansion rates of the universe and large galaxies don't quite match up with expectations.


 The study was published in
 
 Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
 
 .


 While the theory is still far from being proven, it opens up fascinating new possibilities for understanding our universe and its origins.


 
 Also read
 


 NASA’s Europa Clipper to Fly Past Earth in 2026 on Its Way to Jupiter


 NASA Raises Impact Risk of Asteroid: Almost doubled


 NASA Increases Probability of Asteroid YR4 Hitting Earth in 2032

NASA Data Indicates Our Universe May Be Nested Within a Black Hole

A recent study utilizing information gathered by NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope about 263 galaxies has presented fresh support for an ...

Webb Telescope Unveils Baffling Galaxy Images That Challenge Our Understanding

DIWIDA.NEWS astronomers, astronomy, astrophysics, galaxies, james webb space telescope

<ul class="mol-bullets-with-font">
 <li class="">
 
 READ MORE:  NASA discovers 'super Earth' exoplanet just 20 light-years away
 
 </li>
</ul>

 The James Webb Space Telescope
 has spotted a giant galaxy that shouldn't exist.


 Using this exceptionally powerful telescope, a team of researchers were able to peer back in time and observe this
 never-before-seen spiral galaxy
 , dubbed the Big Wheel, as it looked just two billion years after the Big Bang.


 The farther out in space astronomers look using telescopes like the
 James Webb
 , the further back in time they're seeing, almost all the way to the Big Bang itself.


 A two-billion-year-old galaxy is considered young on a cosmic scale, but the Big Wheel's size at that point in history suggested that it should have been much older.


 The researchers determined that this galaxy stretched nearly 98,000 light years across, roughly the same size as our much-older home galaxy,
 the Milky Way
 , is today.


 Based on experts' current understanding of the early universe, it would be highly unlikely for a galaxy to achieve the Big Wheel's size in just two billion years.


 Study co-author Themiya Nanayakkara, an astronomer at Swinburne University of Technology in Australia, said: 'You have to remember that the Milky Way has had another 10 billion years or so to grow than the Big Wheel.'


 He and his colleagues concluded that the Big Wheel was the largest two-billion-year-old galaxy ever observed, and is likely much bigger than the Milky Way is today - roughly 10 billion years later.

<img data-document-id="cms/api/amp/image/AA1B9N4M" data-reference="image" src="https://img-s-msn-com.akamaized.net/tenant/amp/entityid/AA1B9N4M.jpg"/>

 This presents a puzzling question: how did this galaxy manage to grow so enormous in such a relatively short amount of time?


 'Finding one of these galaxies is not a problem for cosmological theories, because one could be an outlier, but if we keep finding more, then I think we may have to say 'Okay, our models might need some refining,'' Nanayakkara told
 New Scientist
 .


 But he has a theory that could explain how the Big Wheel managed to grow so rapidly without breaking the laws of the universe as we understand them.


 It posits that multiple galaxies collided and merged in quick succession to form one large spiral galaxy, accelerating the growth rate that usually results from the gradual gathering of gas and dust in space.


 This may have been made possible by the Big Wheel's unusually dense surroundings.


 It is located in a region of space where galaxies are packed tightly together, 10 times denser than typical areas of the universe, Nanayakkara wrote in an article for
 The Conversation
 .


 'This dense environment likely provided ideal conditions for the galaxy to grow quickly. It probably experienced mergers that were gentle enough to let the galaxy maintain its spiral disk shape,' he explained.

<img data-document-id="cms/api/amp/image/AA1B6zrt" data-reference="image" src="https://img-s-msn-com.akamaized.net/tenant/amp/entityid/AA1B6zrt.jpg"/>
<img data-document-id="cms/api/amp/image/AA1B9BkK" data-reference="image" src="https://img-s-msn-com.akamaized.net/tenant/amp/entityid/AA1B9BkK.jpg"/>

 At the same time, 'the gas flowing into the galaxy must have aligned well with its rotation, allowing the disk to grow quickly without being disrupted. So, a perfect combination,' Nanayakkara added.


 He and his colleagues published their findings in the journal
 Nature Astronomy
 .


 Finding a galaxy like the Big Wheel was like finding a needle in a haystack. According to Nanayakkara, his team had lest than a two percent chance of discovering it.


 Now, the researchers will begin the hunt for more unusually large galaxies in an attempt to determine exactly how rare they are.


 If they aren't as uncommon as experts currently believe them to be, they may have to reevaluate everything they know about galaxy formation.

Read more

Webb Telescope Unveils Baffling Galaxy Images That Challenge Our Understanding

READ MORE: NASA discovers 'super Earth' exoplanet just 20 light-years away The James Webb Space Telescope has spo...

Could We Be Inside a Supermassive Black Hole? James Webb's Discoveries Spark New Cosmic Theories

DIWIDA.NEWS astronomy, astrophysics, black holes, cosmology, james webb space telescope

<div class="section1">
 <div class="Normal">
 
 Scientists have long been intrigued by the secrets of the universe, and the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has provided unprecedented information since it started observing deep space in mid-2022. A recent JWST discovery posed some interesting and surprising questions: Is it possible that our entire universe is contained within a black hole? The bold hypothesis can potentially explain a mysterious cosmic phenomenon seen in the rotation of far-off galaxies.
 
 
 <h2>
 James Webb Space Telescope uncovers surprising galaxy rotation pattern
 </h2>
 
 
 The JWST's observations of the distant galaxies disclosed an intriguing and mysterious pattern. Approximately two-thirds of the galaxies rotate clockwise, and the remaining third rotate counterclockwise. Scientists had predicted a more or less equal proportion, presuming that the rotational direction would be random. The uniformity hints at the presence of some force or structure underneath that might be affecting the galaxies' rotation on a cosmic scale.
 
 
 <img data-document-id="cms/api/amp/image/AA1B81pD" data-reference="image" src="https://img-s-msn-com.akamaized.net/tenant/amp/entityid/AA1B81pD.jpg"/>
 
 
 This finding is based on observations by the James Webb Space Telescope Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES). Kansas State University lead investigator Lior Shamir mentioned two potential explanations for this unexpected trend: either the universe itself was created with a rotational motion, or existing cosmological theory must be rethought or reconsidered.
 
 
 <h2>
 The discoveries from the James Webb Space Telescope have ignited a novel theory about black holes in the cosmos.
 </h2>
 
 
 A proposal put forward long ago is what’s called black hole cosmology. According to this idea, our entire universe could potentially reside within a black hole, itself being an element of an even grander cosmic structure. Under this scenario, the event horizon—that critical boundary beyond which nothing escapes, not even light—would effectively mark the outer limit of our universe.
 
 
 Nikodem Popławski, a theoretical physicist and an ardent advocate of this idea, suggests that black holes could serve as origins for entirely new universes. According to his hypothesis, once matter gets drawn into a black hole, it behaves like a tightly wound spring which eventually snaps back, thus generating a fresh universe. He posits that this phenomenon might have triggered the Big Bang and led to the subsequent swift growth of our cosmos.
 
 
 Popławski elaborates on how a rotation within a black hole could influence the characteristics of the resulting universe. Should observations made by JWST provide indications of an apparent cosmic preferential spin, this would strongly support the black hole cosmology theory. In essence, if the cosmos consistently rotates, it would suggest that this rotational characteristic stems from the spin of the original black hole from which our universe emerged.
 
 
 <h2>
 The movement of the Milky Way and how it might affect the JWST's observations of distant galaxies.
 </h2>
 
 
 An alternate possible reason for the observed rotational patterns could relate to the movement of the Milky Way itself through space. Certain researchers suggest that the rotating nature of our galaxy might be altering the way JWST views distant galaxies receding from us. Should this be true, it may compel astrophysicists to reassess distance calculations across the cosmos and potentially resolve debates about the rate at which the universe expands.
 
 
 Although both these reports are intriguing, Lior Shamir emphasizes the necessity for further investigation to truly understand what’s happening. He stated, “It's crucial to determine whether the universe has an actual preferred orientation.” Such research is vital for broadening our comprehension of the laws governing the cosmos and might lead to groundbreaking insights into how the universe was formed and its fundamental structure.
 
 
 
 Also Read |
 
 
 Is Sunita Williams going to receive additional compensation for her prolonged time in space? Below is the NASA payment structure for her 9-month mission.
 
 
 </div>
 </div>


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 latest news
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 . Find all the popular trends
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Could We Be Inside a Supermassive Black Hole? James Webb's Discoveries Spark New Cosmic Theories

Scientists have long been intrigued by the secrets of the universe, and the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has provided unp...

Once in 80 years: Rare 'Blaze Star' nova set to brighten skies this week — how to spot it

DIWIDA.NEWS astronomy, astrophysics, aurora borealis

One of these days, a rare astronomical event may brighten the nighttime sky. T Coronae Borealis (T CrB), more commonly referred to as the "Blaze Star," may go off at any moment. The normally unseen star will shine briefly during this once-in-a-lifetime event. Stargazers get a rare glimpse of this explosion in space.


 
 What Is Nova, the "Blaze Star"?
 


 Coronae Borealis is not a single star; rather, it is a binary star system. It is made up of a red giant and a white dwarf in orbit around one another. The white dwarf builds up enough hydrogen to explode once every 80 years. A nova, or abrupt rise in brightness, is the outcome of this.


 No eruptions have occurred since 1786, 1866, and 1946. One occurred in 1217 according to history, as well. The following eruption is scheduled between 2025 and 2026, say astronomers. Some estimates propose possible dates in 2027.


 
 What Makes This Event Unique?
 


 This nova is more than a fleeting moment of light. Because the system is 3,000 light-years from Earth, the explosion occurred thousands of years ago. The astronomers are getting a sneak peek into the past because the light is just now arriving on Earth.


 T CrB will be as brilliant as the North Star, Polaris, at outburst. It will remain visible to the naked eye for a few days. It might be hard to locate the constellation for those who are not used to it, but preparation can make the experience more pleasant.


 
 How and Where to View It
 


 The constellation Corona Borealis has T CrB within it. This small star arc is positioned in the northern hemisphere between Boötes and Hercules.


 
 <img data-document-id="cms/api/amp/image/AA1BGtqb" data-reference="image" src="https://img-s-msn-com.akamaized.net/tenant/amp/entityid/AA1BGtqb.jpg"/>
 
 The Blaze Star will shine in the Corona Borealis and remain visible to the naked eye for several days. (Image: NASA)
 
 


 How to find it:


 
 How to Locate the 'Blaze Star' Nova:
 


 <ol>
 
 <li>
 Step outside around
 
 10 p.m. local time
 
 .
 </li>
 
 
 <li>
 Locate the
 
 Big Dipper
 
 high in the northwest.
 </li>
 
 
 <li>
 Follow its handle’s curve to
 
 Arcturus
 
 , a bright star in the east.
 </li>
 
 
 <li>
 Draw a line from
 
 Arcturus
 
 to
 
 Vega
 
 in the northeast.
 </li>
 
 
 <li>
 Halfway between them is the crescent-shaped
 
 Corona Borealis
 
 .
 </li>
 
 </ol>


 T CrB will appear in this constellation as a new bright star once the nova event occurs.


 This rare phenomenon is eagerly awaited by astronomers and space fans. It will be a sight to remember when it happens. Keep looking up at the sky and do not miss this chance to witness a star explosion.

Once in 80 years: Rare 'Blaze Star' nova set to brighten skies this week — how to spot it

One of these days, a rare astronomical event may brighten the nighttime sky. T Coronae Borealis (T CrB), more commonly referred to as the ...

Galaxies Dwarf Our Imagination: Study Unveils the Truth

DIWIDA.NEWS astronomers, astronomy, astrophysics, cosmology, galaxies

Galaxies turn out to be significantly larger than initially believed, stretching vast distances into deep space—distances so great that our home galaxy, the Milky Way, probably comes into contact with our nearest galactic neighbor, Andromeda.
 

<img data-document-id="cms/api/amp/image/AA1q7RZz" data-reference="image" src="https://img-s-msn-com.akamaized.net/tenant/amp/entityid/AA1q7RZz.jpg"/>

 As you might believe, the journey to the drugstore seems quite lengthy," penned Douglas Adams in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, "however, compared to space travel, this distance is merely insignificant.


 The vastness of space is immense. Our home, Earth, resides as an insignificant speck circling a star located at the periphery of our Milky Way, which itself is merely one among approximately two trillion galaxies in the observable cosmos. Indeed, space spans an extraordinarily large expanse.


 The planet Earth is situated within one of the spiral arms of the galaxy.
 <a href="https://www.dw.com/en/milky-way-maps-teach-us-about-stars-asteroids-and-life/a-62302537">
 Milky Way
 </a>
 (referred to as the Orion Arm) which is located approximately two-thirds of the way out from the center
 <a href="https://www.dw.com/en/scientists-find-new-black-holes-in-milky-way/a-43258145">
 center of the galaxy
 </a>
 .


 We are aware of the size of the Earth — approximately 12,756 kilometers (7,926 miles) in diameter. Similarly, we know the dimensions of our Sun, which is roughly 1,391,000 kilometers (864,400 miles) across.


 However, just how vast is the Milky Way? Up until this point, the actual dimensions of galaxies have been an enigma.

<h3>
 The size of galaxies exceeds our expectations.
</h3>

 A recent research paper, featured in the journal
 
 Nature Astronomy
 
 It has been discovered that galaxies are much larger than initially believed, possibly even multiple times greater in size.


 The coiled shape of our galaxy constitutes merely its compact central region. In the case of the Milky Way, this spiral spans approximately 100,000 light-years.


 The starlight emanating from stars located within the spiral arms reaches approximately 7,800 light-years out into the vastness of space, marking what was once believed to be the boundary between the end of a galaxy and the start of deep space.


 The research has shown that extensive "halos" of gas stretch beyond the observable spiral arms of stars deeply into outer space.


 Astronomers were able to observe these gaseous halos for the first time thanks to advanced imaging technologies. These techniques allowed scientists to identify galactic gas halos extending more than 100,000 light years into space, significantly expanding our understanding of galaxy sizes.


 <img data-document-id="cms/api/amp/image/AA1q7PBO" data-reference="image" src="https://img-s-msn-com.akamaized.net/tenant/amp/entityid/AA1q7PBO.jpg"/>

<h3>
 Kissing galaxies
</h3>

 Actually, the halos of gas surrounding galaxies reach such vast distances into deep space that the galaxies themselves extend outwards considerably.
 <a href="https://www.dw.com/en/milky-way-gobbled-up-smaller-galaxy-in-cosmic-crash-astronomers-find/a-49706252">
 interact with each other
 </a>
 .


 The research indicates that our Milky Way is probably colliding with our nearest neighboring galaxy, Andromeda — which is approximately 2.5 million light-years distant, as stated by Nikole Nielsen, the lead author of the study and a researcher at Swinburne University in Australia.


 "We’re now observing the limits of the galaxy’s influence, the point at which it transitions into becoming part of the environment surrounding it, and ultimately merging with the larger cosmic web along with other galaxies. These borders tend to be rather indistinct," explained Nielsen in a press release.


 Researchers believe this finding will aid in unraveling one of the most significant mysteries in astronomy: how galaxies develop over time?


 Examining the gaseous envelopes surrounding various kinds of galaxies — those
 <a href="https://www.dw.com/en/webb-telescope-photographs-the-pillars-of-creation-with-great-clarity/a-63503907">
 form stars
 </a>
 , or those that no longer form stars—will aid in understanding how galaxies accumulate mass over time and the effects they have on one another during interactions.


 
 Edited by: Andreas Illmer
 

<h3>
 Primary source:
</h3>

 Nielsen, N.M.,
 
 et al.
 
 A map showing emissions from the interface between the disk and circumgalactic medium in the starburst galaxy IRAS 08339+6517.
 
 Nature Astronomy
 
 (2024).
 
 
 <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-024-02365-x">
 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-024-02365-x
 </a>
 
 


 Author: Fred Schwaller

Galaxies Dwarf Our Imagination: Study Unveils the Truth

Galaxies turn out to be significantly larger than initially believed, stretching vast distances into deep space—distances so great that...

How Many Galaxies Dot Our Universe?

DIWIDA.NEWS astronomers, astronomy, cosmology, galaxies, science

<img data-document-id="cms/api/amp/image/AA1oavc7" data-reference="image" src="https://img-s-msn-com.akamaized.net/tenant/amp/entityid/AA1oavc7.jpg"/>

 The Milky Way is merely a tiny fragment within a vast universe teeming with countless galaxies. However, if we were to venture an informed estimate, approximately how many galaxies might be out there?


 That appears to be an easy query, yet it’s far from straightforward. The primary issue is that despite having access to our strongest telescopes, we are still able to observe just a minuscule portion of the cosmos.


 As per an astrophysicist, the observable universe refers solely to the portion from where light has managed to arrive at our location.
 Kai Noeske
 , who currently serves as an outreach officer at the European Space Agency, told Live Science.


 The universe is
 13.8 billion years old
 However, the observable universe extends over 13.8 billion light-years in all directions. This occurs due to the expansion of the universe; initially, when the cosmos were smaller, light had an earlier beginning.

<img data-document-id="cms/api/amp/video/AA1oaE0N" data-reference="video"/>

 Currently, the overall dimension in every direction is approximately 46 billion.
 light-years
 ," Noeske said.


 That's significantly smaller than what we anticipated for the whole universe. As we understand it, 'We can observe only up to 3 percent of the universe,'
 Pamela Gay
 , a senior scientist at the Planetary Science Institute, told Live Science.


 
 Related:
 
 
 What causes galaxies to have varying forms?
 


 The second issue is that due to the vast number of galaxies, we can only estimate the overall count by examining limited areas within the observable universe.


 As Gay explained, you observe a tiny section of the heavens, tally all objects within that segment, and then extrapolate those findings across the entire sky.


 However, this still necessitates a threshold. “How do we classify something as a galaxy?” asked Noeske. “We’ve got truly massive galaxies that must be at least ten times heavier than ours,” he noted, “and then there are numerous smaller galaxies, including those with lesser masses—about one-tenth that of our galaxy—and extending right down to dwarf galaxies.”


 At times, researchers must establish a lower limit for a galaxy’s mass to enable accurate estimations.


 "Noeske stated that if we establish a mass threshold and aim for it to be conservative, such as one million solar masses, then the estimated total number of galaxies from the early stages until now would be roughly between one and two trillion." Experts believe there were more galaxies present during the earlier periods of the universe compared to what exists currently, hence these estimations represent an averaged figure across different epochs.


 However, those findings originate from the Hubble telescope—the James Webb Space Telescope is beginning to provide insights into these observations—which focus on regions close to Earth within our solar system and are constrained by everything in between.
 solar system
 That illuminates the sky," Gay stated. "We do possess one spaceship equipped with a camera that has managed to travel outside of all the debris within our solar system, and that’s the
 New Horizons spacecraft
 ."


 A 2021 study
 utilized the onboard camera of New Horizons to gauge the overall quantity of light across different sections of space and then calculated the number of galaxies required to produce such luminosity.


 “And then, as they find themselves beyond all the light sources within our solar system, they conclude that we might not require as many galaxies as previously believed,” Gay stated. “As a result, their calculations suggest there could be around 200 billion, perhaps even down to 100 billion, galaxies observable in the universe.”


 "Somewhere between 2 trillion galaxies at the higher end and 100 billion galaxies at the lower end lies the estimated number of galaxies within our observable universe," she explained.


 If you estimate that this accounts for approximately 3%, or possibly even less, of our universe, then you could scale up this galaxy count to determine the overall quantity of galaxies in the cosmos. Should our observable portion represent an even lesser fraction of the entire universe, the cumulative number of galaxies would consequently decrease as well.


 However, since we lack knowledge about the actual dimensions of the universe, these calculations remain uncertain. "In the case of an infinitely vast universe, you would expect to find limitless galaxies," explained Gay.

How Many Galaxies Dot Our Universe?

The Milky Way is merely a tiny fragment within a vast universe teeming with countless galaxies. However, if we were to venture an informe...